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Acolyteship

Acolyteship

City Seminarian gathering

Yahweh-Father

Yahweh-Father

 Introduction:

The Church doctrine starts that in God, there are three persons who are distinct within the unity one sole nature. The word Trinity comes from the word ‘Trinitas’ means three in one. Trinity reveals to us as Father through the Son in the Holy Spirit.  Mark mentioned in his gospel that “for all things are possible for God” (Mk, 10: 27). This is a mystery beyond understanding of human being, if God does not help to understand. God is a community person by perfect love and knowledge and communion.

Yahweh

The most important name for God used in the Old Testament. “It is used in 6,400 times in the Bible.[1] It shows full and proper name of the Lord of Israel. There are many opinions on naming god as Yahweh and meaning also differ person to person, for some it is said Yah! means “It is he” but this does scant justice to the revelatory character of the name. Other word traces Hyh or Hwh which is verb ‘to be.’[2] Lord himself speaks with Moses from the burning bush (Ex, 3: 14) and there He said His name “I am who am.” The name urges therefore to be re-organized a perfect answer, containing in it a revelation of the Lord’s true nature.

We can say God has no change and always remain same ‘what he is’ and definitely reliable unchanging. Always present. He manifests His saving interest to His people and is ready to help them. Through his actions people know him as ‘that I am Yahweh.” Some translate the name this way ‘I shall be, what I was’ which would bring out the Lord’s eternity according to many text (Gen 4:26, 12:4, 26:25).Yahweh was known before the food and by the patriarchs and it is another way of affirming  the identity of Yahweh with god worshiped as El, or El-Shaddai,  or Elohim.

Diversity

Everybody is unique in creation and that is why my personality is also different from others where we find diversity in the life of God. God the Father designs the universe, God the Son saves the creations of God and God the Spirit bless all these things and make it holy, that is why it is a great diversity of life, operation and activity. The Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit are the one God in the same substance but I and not denying the union of love of the Trinity. “They broke their bread at home and ate their food with glad and generous hearts, praising God and having the good-will of all the people” (Acts 2: 46). The Holy Trinity encourages me to be a designer of communal love in my own society.   

Father

In the Old Testament the immediate male progenitor, the head of the people or tribe, but in most instances is used to refer to God, this Christian practice probably derives from the intimate term for Father that Jesus used to address God. Father is also the term for God Jesus used in the prayer, He taught his followers. Rather than being derived from a human analogy, the term father for God represents the ideal by whom very human father is to be judge.

The Trinity before Christ

Before Jesus’ born Trinity was unknown to the people, when Abraham came to know god about 1850 BC that time most people were polytheists. They believed in many gods. God Himself convinced these people (newly chosen people) that there was lonely one god Yahweh. Many way He helped them show them the mercy and kindness and gave them Ten Commandments there He told them-“I the Lord am your God who brought you out of the land of Egypt that place of slavery. You shall not have other gods besides me” (Ex 20:2, 3). He shows them many miracles and they came to realize that He was not only the better of all gods but the one and only God, all- powerful creator of all things.

Trinity in New Testament

Christ reveals God’s three in oneness. Christ teaches using ancient doctrine- the Lord our god is one God (Mk 12:29). He tried to show how this God in human is the Father; a Father who truly loves us cares for us and watches over us.

Jesus gradually introduces himself that He is too God. He is the Don of God, not just as we are but true and proper Son of God the only begotten of the Father. He is not clamming record God he says He and His Father are One. After Ascension, He sends the Holy Spirit to his apostles. St John mentioned that Holy Spirit is a person, together with the Father and Son.[3] We the students are taught from the lesion of different general councils. St Paul joins all three persons in liturgical formulas as God, Lord and Spirit. God was reserved for the Father. As he records prayerful expression of Trinitarian believe such as “the grace of the Lord Jesus Christ and the love of God and the fellowship of the Holy Spirit be with you all” (II Corinthians 13:13). Jesus gave last instruction to the Apostle that to make disciples of all motions baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit.[4]

‘Abba’ our Father the first person of the Trinity

The supreme achievement of theology is learning to know God our Father. We can be fully satisfied in our intellectual search for God only when we draw from these primary sources which are also the ultimate goal of all human knowledge. Our Christian faith has not adequately emphasized the person of God the Father and liturgical worship has not focused enough on the divine person. Father has himself allowed us to know him and He send his Son in our midst and became one of us. Father portrayed himself in the human face of Jesus. He made himself accessible to our gaze the mystery which he allows us to enter.

The truth is that to discover the Father is to become aware of his proximity, the proximity of the most authentic and loving Father. While possessing supreme transcendence his paternal love brings him very close to humankind. Christian realize that the Father does not dwell at an unreached able distance from their daily live. He is involved in all the events that occur around them and responds to all their anxieties. The discovery of God the Father is the discovery of the true framework of their daily lives. Jesus’ personality is the gospel is his filial fervor. Jesus hived for the Father and draws others to him.

‘Abba’ the expression of Jesus

Jesus Introduced God as Abba. Jesus son ship has come not from his title Son but from the name he gives the Father. In pronouncing the name of Father Jesus defined himself. The invocation Abba is the hallmark of Jesus’ prayer. Jesus has bridged it and when he prays he cannot fail to complete intimacy that unites him to the Father. Jesus prayer is human, perfectly human, and it makes use of a human word that is commonly used by all children. It is the prayer of a Son who has been from the very start at the divine level of Father.

Incarnation of the Son

Meaning of the term is to inter into or become flesh. We believe that in the history of salvation of the world, the Son of God while remaining fully divine became truly and fully human. “The Word became flesh and made his dwelling among us. We have seen his glory, the glory of the One and Only, who came from the Father, full of grace and truth” (Jn1:14).Saint Paul speaks of God who sent forth his Son (Gal, 4:4, Rom, 8:3) and of Jesus Christ as the one Lord “through whom are all things and through whom we exist” (1Cor, 8:6).[5]

Conclusion

The Trinitarian mystery is really difficult to understand to human being, when we will meet face to face with God in heaven then every will be cleared to us. Though we know the Father as a creator, Son the redeemer of human being and the Holy Spirit who sanctify the earth creation all these are possible because of the help of God. He revealed to us as we can know Him. It is achieved through God's union with human nature, in Jesus Christ who although fully God, humanly died for us to purchase our redemption. This communion with the Father is the goal of the Christian faith, devotion and life, where as we will grow in God when we love one another and forgive others those who sin against us this way we will fulfill the will of God.   

Bibliography

1.   SERMEJO, Luis M: Abba, My Dad!. Gujarat Sahitya Prokash, Gujrat, India, 2003. 

2.   KELLY, Robert H.:  God the Father. Fortress Press, Philadelphia, USA, 1979.

3.   GALOT, Jean: Abba Father We Long to See Your Face. Trans., St Paul Press, Mumbai,            

           1999

 

4.   The New Catholic Encyclopedia, 2003, v. 14, s v, “Holy Trinity”.

5.   The Catholic Encyclopedia for School and Home, vol.12, New York, McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1965.

 

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[1] The New Catholic Encyclopedia, 2003, v. 14, s v, “Holy Trinity”.p- 883.

[2]  Ibid. p- 883.

[3] The Catholic Encyclopedia for School and Home,1965, vol. 12, s.v, “The Trinity,”p- 711.

[4]  Ibid.  p- 453.

[5] The Catholic Encyclopedia for School and Home, 1965, vol. 12, s.v, “The Trinity,” p- 711.

Kingship  and the Psalms

Part-III: Chapter 1-2

Rites of New Year and Enthronement outside Israel Mesopotamia

Most commonly compared with the Israelite festivals are the akitu celebration, attested in various form and places in Mesopotamia in the first three millennia. Simply we understand akitu ceremony was the big procession of gods to and from the shrine outside the city and it was to convey the blessing of fertility to the fields. There the journeys through sacred streets and gates and by canal would increase public participation and festivals were marked with general rejoicing and feasting. The participation of the king was a principal feature. It was celebrated in Babylon. The rituals were extending from 1 to at least 11 Nisan. The priest enters the great temple to recite praise and prayer before the image of Marduk also called Bel ‘Lord.’ He begs him a good destiny for the king and life for the people of Babylon here Marduk is considered as god of creation. He forms the sky above and the earth beneath. In the sky he fixes the order of the heavenly bodies and forms the system of the seasons, the years, and months, day and night. The images of the great gods were conveyed to Babylon from their respective cities and eventually they went in procession with Marduk along the stations of the complex of the akitu sanctuary outside the city.The heart of the rite is the acceptance, authorization and empowering of the king by the gods. The king is thus made the instrument of the god’s rule as is brightly indicated when the king is first carried into the temple preceded by the priest of the god Ashur, who strikes an instrument and calls repeatedly ‘Ashur is king, Ashur is king!’. The priest of Ashur then crowns and invests and priestly service to Ashur. After returning to the place the king takes his throne. The Babylonian rite has similarities with the Assyrian enthronement, repeating essential items of enthronement: the king’s prostration before the god, the depositing of royal insignia before the expression of the god’s favour, the investiture the words of blessing. Assyrian and Babylonian enthronement ceremonies are indicated by allusions in royal inscriptions.

Egypt  

The material from Egypt relevant to kingship and the great festivals have long been profuse, including vivid pictorial record. It is difficult to understand the cultic myth and ritual, and Egyptian sources offer little in the way of connected interpretation. The understanding of the king’s divinity is the emphasized on the humanity of the pharaoh, which has helped the Egyptian institution with the Israelite. The significance of the annual burial rites of Osiris remains disputed. The influential works was seen as the fertilization of the earth. The rites show the triumph of piety over evil by commemoration the piety of Isis, who secured the reconstitution and burial of Osiris’ body as a mummy. There is much evidence order given in kingship. The Ptolemaic period kept a wealth of data which preserved sanctuaries throw much tight on the ancient ceremonies and structure.

The Egyptian divided their year into three seasons; inundation, winter summer. Each of these seasons was inaugurated with festivals of foundational and renovatory significance. The beginning of inundation, when the Nile rose in June was obviously rich in promise of renewal. A New Year festival extended from the end of the old year perhaps the fifth day of the New Year.

The ceremonies included renewal of the temple (Ptolemaic temple of Horus at Edfu). The main ceremony on New Year’s Day is as procession of the statues on the roof to be united with the rays of the midday sun. In these great rites the king was in principal as divine and human spheres and god being on the king’s life and welfare. The beginning of the season of winter in October was a good time for a king full enthronement his coronation. The coronation affected by the god began with the king’s baptismal purification, conveying divine life and power and given dominion over all plains and mountain lands. He was recognized as son of the god begotten from the sun god Re. 

The renewal of the king is attested in the first place by the sed festival, it was celebrated every three or four years. The festival began with procession of the king and the god whose statues had been brought from all over the country. The king danced over a field, to sanctifying his country and renewing his dominion over it. The falcon headed statue of Horus and a real falcon selected by oracle for a year’s reign. The kingship is effected by god’s choice and presentation of the sacred falcon as his ‘heir.’ Litanies were sung in prayer. The beginning of the season of winter is named in the calendar the day of the New Year feast of Horus the Behdetite. The king hauls a sacred pillar the dead column upright; vengeance and victory are represented by mock battle and procession. The son of Orisis, Horus is to be crowned on the first day of winter his New Year feast and the coronation of the Pharaoh to be renewed.

The beginning of the summer was marked by a New Year and harvest festival the festival of god Min. A shrine was set up in the fields and the king ceremonially reaped corn; rite on behalf of the kingship included the loosing of geese to the four points of the compass.  

Another festival with the character of a New Year and harvest celebration including a sacred marriage is known of Edfu lasted from new to full moon in the third month of summer. The image of Hothor was brought by boat from Dendera to be met by that of Horus; together they entered the temple of Horus to spend their marriage night. It was the necropolis for the cult of the ancestors and rites of harvest.

This abundance of rites the main theme is reasonably clear; the change of ruler, the turn of the seasons the rites of kingship represent the overcoming of the chaos and the renewal of the divine cosmic order.

c. Hittites 

Similar influence could be expected from Hittite penetration of the area. The Hittite king took a leading part in the purulli festival in the spring. There are some resemblances to the Babylonian festivals. A myth of the god’s victory over the Illuyankas dragon was connected with their celebration. An autumn festival extended over sixteen days; the king with his queen and his heir, made processions from city to city with sacrifice and assemblies. The rites included the opening of storage jars which had been field in the autumn festival processions of a shield which may have represented a protecting deity, a visit to the temple of the dead, offerings before the image of dead rulers, and celebrations at a sanctuary situated in a grove outside the capital.

One of the Hittite festivals is indicated an ornate chariot brought to the temple and decked with red, white and blue ribbons, the god’s image seated in it and progressed behind a column of sacred women dancers and torch bearers to a woodland shrine. Little we know about Hittite king’s enthronement. He was installed in rites which included anointing, robbing crowning and giving of a royal name; emphasized on his appointment as god’s chief priest.  

        d. Canaanites

Canaanite festivals have much suggestive material in the Old Testament and in Ugaritic literature. Baal took his throne at the autumn New Year festival. He was greeted with the cultic shout ‘Our king is Alien Baal and none is above him! Baal worshiper’s saw in him the powerful king who drove across the sky on the clouds and him mighty voice is heard in the crash of thunder. He triumphs over his opponents; sent rains and promoted fertility. When autumn came the rain begins, it was Baal who return to ensure fertility and ascend the throne. In the festival cultic drama was presented, Baal enthronement and the dedication of his temple which took place a new each year.

A few deductions have been made from. The king is said to have washed himself and made himself red. It was the ceremony of purification in which he washed away from sin and ritual impurity with the blood of the sacrificial animal and consecrated for the sacred acts which he was about to perform.

The Israelite autumn festival as clarified by Mowinckel.

The chief annual festival

 Of Israel’s, three annual pilgrimage festivals were the most important in the time of the kings. The festival of Yahweh, inauguration of the temple and others remained in obscurity. The pentateuchal references to the festivals are difficult to use as evidence for Jerusalem under the kings, in exodus, where the month of Passover, the Nisan of the Babylonian calendar is designated as the first of the year. The aspects of New Year could be attached to the beginnings of several seasons.

The autumn was a major annual turning point under the kings. The dominant festival under the Jerusalem monarchy was the autumn pilgrimage and this would be the context for the society to renew its foundations. Purifying and re sanctifying men and institutions, re-experiencing the divine salvation which had created its world and life and hope. The pilgrimage feast of booths (sukkot) takes place from days 15-22; proceeded by two-one day observances. The tenth day is in fact given in Lev.25: 9, the fanfare announcing a jubilee year and in the Mishna, its ceremonies include a dance of maidens. The main festival was the week that we see beginning at the full moon first and tenth days considered as holy day.

The celebration of Yahweh’s kingship.                                                        

Throughout the time of Davidic dynasty the autumn festival included a special celebration of Yahweh as king. The psalms had brought into relief the hymns in which Yahweh is proclaimed and manifested as king in something like an act of enthronement and this must have been part of the supreme festival that of autumn. The location of such pattern in Jerusalem’s annual festival related with Jewish tradition. Yahweh’s kingship control of the waters and universal dominion are firmly attached to the keeping of the autumn festival in Jerusalem and that worship is shown by the way is used by pre-exilic and exilic prophets. Nahum predicted the doom of Nineveh. Yahweh manifests himself in fury to combat him enemies. His roar destroys the sea and over whelms the residence of the hostile goddess.

They announce the era of peace and urge Judah to celebrate her festivals. Yahweh is proved king victor over all rivals. Habakkuk applied the festal story to history.

The end of the summer sees a parched and bared land the festival brings confidence that Yahweh will show his supremacy over the chaos powers and bring salvation to his anointed and to his people.

Zephaniah reflects the festal idea, God’s purifying wrath bearing upon Jerusalem. His sovereignty is expressed in words against the nations. To purified Zion he ten comes as king, victorious and saving champion loving spouse, and restorer of the happy state.

The harvest and summer are ended and Yahweh is supposed to be present in Zion as her king and bringer of salvation. Amos demands for torrents of righteousness. Isaiah sees Yahweh manifest as king in his Zion temple dominating the world in radiant majesty, pronouncing the destiny of his people. Zechariah shows Yahweh’s kingship at Jerusalem as bound up with his mastery of the rain-sources.

Dramatic character of the celebration.

The proclamation of Yahweh’s kingship in psalms 93, 96-99 etc. say his triumph over rival and received excited joy. The dramatic mature of the cultic scene is agreed. It was applied to great tuning points of history by Nahum, Zephaniah, and the rest and eschatological drama of the apocalyptists.

We have seen the festival of Mesopotamia and Egypt had a dramatic character and actualization archetypal events similar to the Israelites rites, which prefigure the divine warfare, triumph exaltation and epiphany. The triumph underlying God’s exaltation as cosmic king assumes various forms; he mastered waters, destroyed Pharaoh’s hosts in the exodus, conquered the inhabitants of Canaan and made Jerusalem his sanctuary. Yahweh’s supremacy was dramatized in the festival. Yahweh’s work of salvation is a ‘modelled’ of his covenant keeping in the midst of his temple. Here the ‘modelled’ is used in appropriate for a symbolic representation. It can be compared with Egyptian rites of Osiris.

The involvement of the Davidic kingship

In psalms 75; 118,132, are the general material for the festival and king’s enthronement was re-celebrated annually in connection with the New Year festival. It is generalization that the king stands at the centre of the festivals and he obtains the power and blessing from Yahweh. Yahweh defeated the forces of darkness and death which were represented as the kings of the earth attaching Jerusalem. The divine warfare was here projected on the earthly plane, it would be likely to involve Yahweh’s ruler in Jerusalem, the Davidic king. In psalms 89, 18, 118 belonging to this drama; king is seen as leader forces against the hostile kings. The glories shown in the drama were potential and challenging; the well-tried and exalted king represented in the drama by the present king was likewise an unrealized idea; true response was given to God.

Bibliographty

EATON, H. John: King and the Psalms. jsot press, Enland,1986.

 

           

Proof of the Apostolic Preaching

Proof   of the Apostolic Preaching

God and the creation the fall

The way of life

Marcianus is told to keep faith in God as his maker. It is a free notes on the main points to the members of the body of truth and receiving in brief the proof of the things of God which will bear fruit in his own salvation and what he has to say in its integrity and preity. So that he can make his way by faith without deviation with courage and determination and standstill in the straight path.

Faith and good works

Man is a animal made up of soul and body that come about through the instrumentality of both of there; so occasions of stumbling follow from both of them, there is both bodily holiness, all wicket deeds, and holiness of soul the reservation in its integrity of faith in God. Impurity of body is broken and loses its integrity, when falsehood enters the soul but abiding truth in the mind and of holiness in the body can preserved in beauty in God’s presence.

The rile of faith

We must keep strictly the rule of faith and carryout the commands of God, believing in God and fearing him. He is Lord and loving Him because He is Father. We have receive baptism for blot out of sin in the name of God the Father and in the name of Jesus Christ the Son of God, became incarnate died and was raised in the Holy Spirit of God, the is  real of eternal life.

Origin of creatures

Origin of all is God since it itself was not made by any one, but by It were made all things whatsoever. Therefore, one must believe that there is one God. All things is included this world of ours, with man in it; so this world too was created by God.

The Trinity and creatures

In this way, then, there is declared one God, the Father, and uncreated, invisible, maker of all things, above whom is no other God whatever and God is rational, therefore produced creatures by His Word, and God is a spirit, and so fashioned everything by His Spirit.

The Three articles of the faith

God, the Father, uncreated, beyond grasp, invisible, one God the maker of all; this is the first and foremost article of our faith. Second, Christ Jesus our Lord, in the end of times for the recapitulation of all things, is become a man, visible and tangible, in order to abolish death and bring to light life and bring about the communion of God and man. The third article is the Holy Spirit.

The Trinity and our rebirth

These three articles are granting us rebirth unto God the Father, through His Son and by the Holy Spirit. The Spirit is led to the Word but the Son takes them and presents them to the Father; and the Father confers incorruptibility. The Spirit there is no seeing the Word of God, and without the Son there is no approaching the knowledge of the Son is through the Holy Spirit.

God the Father and mankind

Creator of heaven and earth and the whole world, and maker of angels and men, and Lord of all who upholds all things and by whom everything is sustained merciful, compassionate and most tender good just, God of all both of Jews and of Gentiles and of the faithful.

Seven Heaven

The earth is encompassed by even heaven, in which dwell Powers and Angels and Archangels, giving homage to the Almighty God who created all things. The Spirit of God in His indwelling is manifold and is enumerated by Isaias the prophet in the seven charismata resting on the Son of God, that is the Word in His coming as man full of the fear of this Spirit, who lights up the heavens.

God supreme ruler

This God is glorified by His Word, who is His Son for ever, and by the Holy Spirit who is the Wisdom of the father of all and their Powers, which are called Cherubim and Seraphim. He has established with the Word the whole world He has given laws.

Creation of man

He fashioned with His own hands taking of the purest and finest of earth, in measured wise mingling with the earth His own power, He gave his own frame the  outline of His own form. He breathed into his face the breath of life, the man became like God in inspiration as well as in frame to be master of everything on earth.

Paradise

a place was prepare for him better than this world, well-favoured in climate, beauty light, things good to eat, plants fruit water and all other things needful to life; and its name is the Garden. He become man’s fellow, and talk with him, and come among mankind, teaching them justice.

Eve

He decided also to make a help for the man; for God said: it is not good for the man to be alone; let us make him a help like unto himself. God Himself brought a trance upon Adam, and put him to sleep and that one work be accomplished out of another. God took one of the Adam’s ribs and filled up flesh for it and built up the rib which He took into a woman, and brought in this wise to Adam.

Tree of knowledge. Immortality.

The freedom fall into sin against God his creator, overstepping his bounds, and take up an attitude of self-conceited arrogance towards God a law was given him by God, that he might know for him certain conditions: so that if he kept the command of God, then he would always remain as he was that is immortal; but if he did not, he would become mortal.

The fall

This commandment the man did not keep but disobeyed God, being misled by the angel who bestowed on the man both ruined himself and made the man a sinner who disobeyed God’s command, having offended against God, promoting of his nature he had rebelled and fallen away from God.

History of the redemption

Cain and Abel

The rebel angel had brought the man into disobedience and made him a sinner. A second one filling Cain with his own spirit, he made him a slayer of his brother. And thus Abel died, slain by his brother a sign for the future that some world be persecuted and straitened and slain but the unjust world slay and persecute the just.

The giants

Wickedness very long-continued and widespread pervaded all the race of men, as angels linked themselves with offspring of the daughters of men who bore to them sons who on account of their exceeding great size were called Giants.

The flood

A flood, in the tenth generation from the first man Noe alone was found just, and because of his justice both he himself was saved and all animals which God ordered Noe to bring into the ark. Both mankind and other living things were brought to destruction, what was preserved in the ark were saved.

The curse of Cham

One fell under a curse, and two inherited a blessing for their deeds; for the youngest of them, who is called Cham, mocked their father, and reprobated for the sin of impiety because of the affront and offence against his father received a curse and brought a share of the curse upon all his offspring. Cursed be the child Cham; a slave shall he be of his brethren.

The blessings of Sam and Japheth

the first of them to be blessed was Sam in these words: Blessed be the Lord God of Sam; be Cham his servant. Therefore  the Father and God of all was pleased to be called the god of Abraham and the God of Isaac and the God of Jacob; but the blessing of Japheth was as follows; may God enlarge Japheth, and let him dwell in the house of Sam and Cham be  his servant.

Covenant with Noe

After the flood God established a covenant for the whole world and for all living beasts and for men that He would no more destroy with a flood all the new life of the earth and He appointed them a sigh: When the sky is covered with clouds a bow shall appear in the cloud and I will remember my covenant and no more destroy with water every living thing that moves on the earth.

Babel

The   planning of tower was this means to mount to the heavens being able to leave their work as a memorial to mankind after them. The building was being made of baked brick and bitumen, they being of one mind and heart through the medium of a single language. God divided their tongues.

Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob

Abraham believed God; and it was reputed to him unto justice. There was born to him a son, Isaac, of Sara, the barren, according to God’s promise; and he circumcised him, in accordance with God’s covenant with him; and of Isaac was born Jacob. The Spirit assigning to them the inheritance, He was called the God of Abraham and the God of Isaac and the God of Jacob.

Egypt the Passover

Egypt alone there was food; so Jacob migrated along with all his progeny into Egypt. They were greatly afflicted and oppressed. He sent a killer angel, destroying their firstborn, from man to brute. He saved the children of Israel, showing forth in a mystery the Passion of Christ, by the immolation of a spotless lamb and by its blood given as a guarantee of immunity to be smeared on the houses of the Hebrews; and the name of this mystery is the Passover.

The law

In the desert Moses received from God laws, ten sentences on tablets of stone in which is put forth by the Father in the Holy Spirit, and the commandments and laws which He committed to the children of Israel to be kept. God gave them the Levitical law.

The spies the wandering in the desert

When they were near to the land which God had promised to Abraham and Moses chose one man out of each tribe and sent them to spy the land and the cities in it and the inhabitants of the cities. They did return journey -saying that the cities were huge and fortified and the inhabitants’ giants. All people fell to weeping losing trust in God. So God kept them forty years in the desert.

Deuteronomy

Here Moses assembled the people and again summed everything up and imposing on them as it were a new code of laws in addition to the one made before. This was called Deuteronomy.

The Promised Land

Moses having finished his course, God told him to bring his people into the land, it was succeeded by Nun. Whereas the King David, and his son Solomon and built the temple.

The Prophets

Hither were sent by God the prophets and Holy Spirit they admonished the people and the herald of the revelation of our Lord Jesus Christ, the Son of God.

Incorruptibly

He united man with God and brought about a communion of god and man. He became visible that we mighty be taken into full communication with incorruptibility. So the word was made flesh in order that sin destroyed.

Adam and Christ

God took dust and fashioned the man the beginning of humanity. The Lord was summing up afresh this man. He too might copy the incarnation of Adam and man mighty be made as was written in the beginning according to the image and likeness of God.

Eve and the mother God

A virgin who disobeyed that man was stricken and fell and died it was through the Virgin, who obeyed the word of God that man resuscitated by life received life and Eve in Mary, that a virgin become the advocate of a virgin should undo and destroy virginal disobedience by virginal obedience.

The tree of knowledge and the cross

The sin that was wrought through the tree was undone by the obedience of the tree, obedience to God whereby the son of man was nailed to the tree, destroying knowledge of evil.

Promise to Abraham fulfilled. Justification by faith

Fulfilled the promise made to Abraham by God that He would make his seed like the stars of heaven; for Christ did this by being born of the Virgin who came of Abraham’s seed.

Promise to David fulfilled: Virgin birth

Fulfilled the promise made to David, for God had promised him to raise up from the fruit of his bowels an everlasting king of whose reign there would be n end. This fruitfulness of the virginal womb sprung from David who was everlasting King over the house of David.

The triumph of the redemption

The Son of God became a son of David and a son of Abraham, in order to give us His own life, the Word of God was made flesh through the instrumentality of the Virgin to undo death and work life in man.

Genuine birth death and resurrection

The mercy of god the father He sent the creative word who when He came to save us, He sanctified our birth and abolished death loosing those same bonds by which we were held. He showed forth the resurrection, becoming Himself the First Born from the death.

The primacy of Christ

The first born of the Virgin a just and holy man a servant of God good pleasing to God perfect in all things freeing those who follow Him from Hell.

Apostolic preaching

By these dispositions they established the churches by faith. The Gentiles, who believed and loved the Lord and in return for holiness and justice and patience the God of all would bring through resurrection from the dead the life everlasting.  

The Son in the beginning

All things were made by the word who was in the beginning with the Father, and that is His Son.

The Son an Abraham Sodom and Gomorrah

The two angels go down to Sodom, the Lord rained upon Sodom and Gomorrah brimstone and fire from the Lord out of heaven for punishing the men of Sodom.

The trinity and creatures

The father id Lord and the Don is Lord and the Father is God and the Son is God for He who is born of God is God.

The Son pre-existent. Saviour of all

God was preexistent from the fact that the Father spoke Son to be revealed to men before His birth; so He became a man born in Virgin. He who believes in Him will be saved.

The message of scripture

Christ being Son of God in the world with the Father and being with men in a close and intimate communion and Father has made all subject to Him and Saviour of all things.

The Virgin shall conceive: Christ Jesus

Isaias said that a Virgin will be conceived and when she will give birth baby shall be called Immanuel ‘Jesus Christ.’

“Emmanuel” Virgin birth

Emmanuel means ‘God with us,’ it is the manifestation of the good things. The virgin shall conceive and bear a Son and the latter; being God is to be with us.

Wonderful counselor

The Father is addressing the Son as Wonderful Counselor of the Father.

Star of Jacob

Jacob is from Jewish race and Jesus is from there- and Jesus born star appeared and the Magi were led by the star to Judea reached at Bethlehem. Finally they found the boy the Son of God, Christ.

The wolf shall feed with the lamb

At the coming of Christ, He is to be a king of all and through the name of Christ various nations will assemble of the just who are likened to calves and lambs and kids and children.

I will rise up the tabernacle of David.

It is declaring that body of Christ-born as we said before of David as raised after death from the dead; for the body is called a tabernacle.

Bethlehem of Judaea

The place where Christ was to be born was Bethlehem of Judaea.

The Son of David for evermore

David’s sons reigned ‘for evermore’ their kingdom was not ‘for evermore’ but the king who was born of David is Christ.

Christ in the prophets

When He came He would heal men and raise the dead and be hated and despised and undergo sufferings and be slain by crucifixion-as He was hated and despised and slain.

Christ’s miracle

As Isaias says that in that day the deaf shall hear the words of the book and in darkness and obscurity the eyes of the blind shall see this is all about Jesus.

The passion

Jesus Christ when order was given that he is crucified. Jeremiah says same thing that He shall give His cheek to him that stricken He shall be filled with reproaches. All these things Christ underwent.

Who shall declare his generation?

The pains of His suffering s put us right and underwent all these things has a generation that cannot be declared for generation because it is beyond declaration and expression.

The death of the just man

The Son of God who perfects by justifying those who believe in Him and He died for the sake of our salvation.

Herod and Pilate

Herod was king of the Jews and Pontius Pilate was procurator of Claudius Caesar.

The passion

It was the will of God that He was to undergo the passion.

The arrest of Christ

He was arrested by the Jews and disciples left him and even they believed firmly in Him till they saw after His resurrection.

The parting of the garments

When they crucified Him the soldiers divided His garments, according to their custom and tore the garments to share them out.

The thirty pieces of silver

Judas contracted with the Jews because he saw they wished to kill him, he took thirty pieces of silver from them and delivered Christ to them.

Gall and vinegar

When they raised Him on the Cross, He asked for drink they gave Him to drink vinegar mixed with gall.

The ascension

When He rose from the dead He was to be taken up into heaven. He was lifted up in front of their sight and saw how the heaven open and received Him.

The entry into heaven

He had become incarnate He was also visible in His ascension; when principalities saw him the angels underneath called to those who were on the firmament.

Awaiting the judgment

Christ is raised and ascended by the Father for the judgement, and all enemies are made subject to Him.

Charity supersedes the law

Who loves the Lord has fulfilled the law and our love towards God and our neighbor, rendering us godly and just and good.

Newness of spirit. The new covenant 

Our calling is in newness of spirit and not in the oldness of the letter. In this days, I shall be their God they shall be my people.

The Gentiles to be a holy people

This nation was to become a holy people was thus announced through Osee in the twelve prophets because God has removed of the stony heart out of their flesh and they shall walk in His commandments.

Church more fruitful than synagogue

The Church bears fruit in great number of saved by an intercessor that we are saved but the Lord grants more children to the Church than to the Synagogue of the past.

We have no need of the law

We have no need of the law as pedagogue because He made strong in all justice and propriety. Any one take name of the Lord shall be saved.

Nearness of almighty aid

Jesus Christ crucified under Pilate and who believe in Him and do His will come close by, they receive salvation.

 Conclusion

The preaching of the truth is the salvation, it is way of life, and it is handed over by the apostles and handed down by the Church in the whole world to her children.

Bibliography

·         SMITH Joseph P.: Ancient Christian Writings s.v.  St. Irenaeus: Proof of the Apostolic preaching. trans. No. 16, Newman press, New York, 1952.